Tour Eiffel - Eiffelturm - Eiffel tower

75007 Paris, France (Île-de-France)

Wikipedia:
The Eiffel Tower is a wrought-iron lattice tower on the Champ de Mars in Paris, France. It is named after the engineer Gustave Eiffel, whose company designed and built the tower.

The tower is 330 metres tall, about the same height as an 81-storey building, and the tallest structure in Paris. Its base is square, measuring 125 metres on each side. During its construction, the Eiffel Tower surpassed the Washington Monument to become the tallest human-made structure in the world, a title it held for 41 years until the Chrysler Building in New York City was finished in 1930. It was the first structure in the world to surpass both the 200-metre and 300-metre mark in height. Due to the addition of a broadcasting aerial at the top of the tower in 1957, it is now taller than the Chrysler Building by 5.2 metres . Excluding transmitters, the Eiffel Tower is the second tallest free-standing structure in France after the Millau Viaduct.

The tower has three levels for visitors, with restaurants on the first and second levels. The top level's upper platform is 276 m above the ground – the highest observation deck accessible to the public in the European Union. Tickets can be purchased to ascend by stairs or lift to the first and second levels.
The climb from ground level to the first level is over 300 steps, as is the climb from the first level to the second, making the entire ascent a 600 step climb. Although there is a staircase to the top level, it is usually accessible only by lift.
On this top, third level is a private apartment built for Gustave Eiffel's private use. He decorated it with furniture by Jean Lachaise and invited friends such as Thomas Edison.

Passenger lifts

The arrangement of the lifts has been changed several times during the tower's history. Given the elasticity of the cables and the time taken to align the cars with the landings, each lift, in normal service, takes an average of 8 minutes and 50 seconds to do the round trip, spending an average of 1 minute and 15 seconds at each level. The average journey time between levels is 1 minute.

The original hydraulic mechanism is on public display in a small museum at the base of the east and west legs. Because the mechanism requires frequent lubrication and maintenance, public access is often restricted.
The rope mechanism of the north tower can be seen as visitors exit the lift

Communications

The tower has been used for making radio transmissions since the beginning of the 20th century. Until the 1950s, sets of aerial wires ran from the cupola to anchors on the Avenue de Suffren and Champ de Mars. These were connected to longwave transmitters in small bunkers. In 1909, a permanent underground radio centre was built near the south pillar, which still exists today.

On 20 November 1913, the Paris Observatory, using the Eiffel Tower as an aerial, exchanged wireless signals with the United States Naval Observatory, which used an aerial in Arlington County, Virginia. The object of the transmissions was to measure the difference in longitude between Paris and Washington, D.C.

Today, radio and digital television signals are transmitted from the Eiffel Tower.

Digital television

A television antenna was first installed on the tower in 1957, increasing its height by 18.7 m. Work carried out in 2000 added a further 5.3 m, giving the current height of 324 m. Analogue television signals from the Eiffel Tower ceased on 8 March 2011.

Die Zahlen
4 Pfeiler bilden ein Quadrat mit einer Seitenlänge von 125 Metern.
Aktuelle Höhe:                    330 Meter
Ursprüngliche Höhe ohne Antenne:  312 Meter
Gesamtbreite:                     125 Meter (am Boden)
Breite eines Fußes/Säule:          25 Meter (am Boden).
1. Stock:                          57 Meter, 4415 m2
2. Stock:                         115 Meter, 1430 m2
3. Stock:                         276 Meter, 250 m2
Gewicht der Stahlkonstruktion:  7.300 Tonnen
Gesamtgewicht:                 10.100 Tonnen
Anzahl der Nieten:          2 500 000
Anzahl der Eisenteile:         18.038
Aufzüge:                            5 Aufzüge bis zum 2. Stock,
                                    2 Batterien von 2 Duolifts vom
                                    2. Stock bis zur Spitze
 

Les chiffres
Les 4 piliers forment un carré de 125 mètres de côté

Hauteur actuelle:                   330 mètres
Hauteur initiale sans antenne:      312 mètres
Largeur totale.                     125 mètres (au sol)
Largeur d'un pied/pilier:            25 mètres (au sol)
1er étage:                           57 mètres, 4415 m2
2e étage:                           115 mètres, 1430 m2
3e étage:                           276 mètres, 250 m2
Poids de la charpente métallique: 7 300 tonnes
Poids total:                     10 100 tonnes
Nombre de rivets utilisés:    2 500 000
Nombre de pièces de fer:         18 038
Ascenseurs:                           5 ascenseurs du sol au 2e,
                                      2 batteries de 2 duolifts du
                                        2e au sommet

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